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Ilija Garašanin (; 28 January 1812 – 22 June 1874) was a Serbian politician and statesman, serving as Interior Minister and Prime Minister (1861–1867). He is remembered for being the first Serbian politician that had a genuine political programme, working to replace the Russian protectorate over Serbia, with the joint service to all European great powers. ==Early life== Ilija was born in Garaši, the son of businessman Hadži Milutin Savić-''Garašanin'', a Serbian revolutionary and member of the National Council of Serbia, his mother was Pauna Loma, the sister of ''voivode'' Arsenije Loma. Ilija was homeschooled with private teachers, he went to a Greek school in Zemun, and was for a time in Orahovica where he learnt German. He helped his father in business. Prince Miloš Obrenović puts him in governmental work, appointing him customs officer in Višnjica, on the Danube and later Belgrade. After serving in the regular army, Knez Miloš promoted him to colonel in 1837, he commanded the regular army and military police. His father was part of the ''Defenders of the Constitution'', who managed to overthrow Miloš Obrenović, appointing in his place Aleksandar Karađorđević, the son of Karađorđe, who was killed by Obrenović. In 1842 his father and brother are killed in fights with Knez Mihajlo. Toma Vučić, his father's colleague and Interior minister, appointed Ilija his assistant, and in 1843, when Toma is exiled by Russia, he becomes the new Minister of the Interior. The primacy Garašanin gave to inter-state consideration is most clearly elaboarated in his 1844 ''Načertanije'' (Draft), which he wrote a year after he got the new post. The ideas expressed in the draft guided his policies throughout his career, but was never implemented. Though ''Načertanije'' became a 19th-century statement on the Serbian nation and its vital interests, it remained secret until 1906. Although written by a statesman and politician identifying Serbian needs with those of the new Principality, Garašanin was strongly influenced by broader views of the Polish ''émigré'' Adam Jerzy Czartoryski and his advisers, as well as French and British attitudes toward nationality and statehood. Ideologically, Garašanin combines in his ''Načertanije'' the German and French models of a nation, politically, he is attempting to balance the interests of the present Serbian state with contemporary demographics (the fact that very many Serbs were then still living under the yoke of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires) and past, medieval possessions in ''Old Serbia'' (i.e., present-day Kosovo and Metohija, and Macedonia). The main change in the document of Czatoryski is the shift from Pan-Slavic ideas, that of a Slavic State in the Balkans, to the 'Serbian Empire', was chosen by Garašanin in order to, in case the document fell into the hands of Austrians, an argument could be made that the direction of the Serbian expansion would be limited to south and southeast, whilst its western and northern borders (the second was with Austrian Empire) are settled. This way, Serbia could shield itself from the potential negative reaction from its main trade partner and its access to the west, something that the original idea, of a Pan-Slavic state, would definitively result in. Because ''Načertanije'' was a secret document (released in 1906) it could not have had an impact on national consciousness at the popular level, at least not in the 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ilija Garašanin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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